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Image Search Results
Journal: Infection and Drug Resistance
Article Title: The Potential Predictive Role of Tumour Necrosis Factor-α, Interleukin-1β, and Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 for COVID-19 Patients Survival
doi: 10.2147/IDR.S348392
Figure Lengend Snippet: ROC curve of MCP-1 levels on death of COVID-19 patients.
Article Snippet: The ELISA procedure was carried out according to the manual protocol of the Human IL-1β Bioassay Technology Laboratory (BT-Lab) ELISA kit (Cat. No. E0143Hu) and Human TNF-α BT-Lab ELISA Kit (Cat. No. E0082Hu) and, and
Techniques:
Journal: Oncotarget
Article Title: The importance of microenvironment: the role of CCL8 in metastasis formation of melanoma
doi:
Figure Lengend Snippet: A. The qualitative CCL12 pattern showed that the host specific PCR was appropriate to discriminate between the implanted human melanoma cell line and the experimental tumor samples. B. Three human melanoma cell lines (HT199, WM983B, HT168M1) were implanted into newborn and adult SCID mice. A more than 1.5 fold change of CCL12 relative expression was detected between the primary subcutaneous tumor from the newborn (metastatic model) and adult (non-metastatic model) animals at RNA level. Data presented are mean values ± SD. C. CCL8 expression was investigated in six different human melanoma cell lines and was detected in only one of them (WM983B). D. The expression of CCL8 (human homologue of CCL12) was demonstrated in non-tumoral (dermal fibroblast, melanocyte) cells. The positive control was the ubiquitously CCL8 expressing K562 leukemia cell line. E. The expression of CCL8 receptors (CCR1, CCR2 and CCR5) was analyzed in normal cells (dermal fibroblasts, melanocytes, keratinocytes) and tumor cell lines (HT199, A2058, WM983A, WM983B, HT168). CCR1 expression was only detected in fibroblasts and three different melanoma cell lines (HT199, HT168, WM983A).
Article Snippet: The
Techniques: Expressing, Positive Control
Journal: Oncotarget
Article Title: The importance of microenvironment: the role of CCL8 in metastasis formation of melanoma
doi:
Figure Lengend Snippet: The effect of CCL8 on cell viability was detected in the presence of two different concentrations (500 pg/ml and 1 ng/ml) of human recombinant CCL8 and was compared to untreated control, after 12 hours of treatment. The viability changes were measured by MTT test, where absorbance was detected on 570 nm proportionate to the number of living cells. Every tumor cell line and fibroblasts carried the CCL8 receptor, CCR1. Significant differences were observed in HT199 (tumor cell line) and dermal fibroblasts (host cell) at the concentration of 500 pg/ml, where viability was reduced in both cases. Data presented are mean values ± SD of absorbance obtained from 18 parallel samples in one representative experiment. * p < 0.005. B. Concentration range of CCL8 treatment on HT168 cell line.
Article Snippet: The
Techniques: Recombinant, Control, Concentration Assay
Journal: Oncotarget
Article Title: The importance of microenvironment: the role of CCL8 in metastasis formation of melanoma
doi:
Figure Lengend Snippet: A. Cells were treated with recombinant human CCL8, added directly to the cells in two different concentrations. Graphs represent the migration activity of cells 5 hours after treatment related to18 hours of data collection. In case of melanocytes the control line and the line of 10 ng/ul runs together. B. CCL8 was applied as a chemoattractant in two different concentrations, where cells migrated towards the chemokine source through a transwell membrane. Graphs represent the migration activity of cells 5 hours after treatment related to 18 hours of data collection. Data presented are cell index. * p < 0.005. C. Summarized results represent that directly added CCL8 inhibited tumor cell migration while as a chemoattractant it increased cell motility. The migration of non-tumor cells was either not altered, or was inhibited by CCL8 as a chemoattractant (fibroblasts in low concentration).
Article Snippet: The
Techniques: Recombinant, Migration, Activity Assay, Control, Membrane, Concentration Assay
Journal: Oncotarget
Article Title: The importance of microenvironment: the role of CCL8 in metastasis formation of melanoma
doi:
Figure Lengend Snippet: Human melanoma samples were divided into two groups: non-metastatic primary tumor (NM - no metastases detected during the five year follow-up) and metastatic primary tumor (M - the patients developed metastases within five years). Patients of the metastatic group had distant organ metastases in the lung, liver, brain, bones, skin and lymph nodes. A. Relative expression of CCL8 in clinical samples was measured by real time PCR and significant differences were detected between non-metastatic and lung metastatic primary human melanomas, the latter expressing lower quantities of CCL8. B. There was no difference in CCR1 expression level between the two groups (lung metastatic vs. non-metastatic). C. Heterogeneous expression of CCL8 protein was detected in the human melanoma primary tumor samples by immunohistochemistry (magnification: 20x). D. Systemic appearance of CCL8 in serum of melanoma patients was analyzed by ELISA kit. Thirty-six samples were analyzed and CCL8 protein was detected. Differences found between metastatic and non-metastatic samples were not stasistically significant, because deviation of the datas.
Article Snippet: The
Techniques: Expressing, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Immunohistochemistry, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay
Journal: Oncotarget
Article Title: The importance of microenvironment: the role of CCL8 in metastasis formation of melanoma
doi:
Figure Lengend Snippet: A. Animal model of human melanoma progression. Primary tumors from adult and newborn hosts (SC t.: subcutaneously implanted tumor) were removed along with lung metastases (Lm), which were formed only in newborn mice. Primary cell cultures were created from all of the above tumors and from the circulating tumor cells (C tc.) of newborn and adult mice. B. CCL8 expression was qualitatively detected after mRNA isolation from the metastases of the metastatic system (newborn) and from the circulating tumor cells of the non-metastatic system (adult). C. CCL8 expressing tumor cell clones were visualized at protein level in the metastatic (newborn) primary xenograft tumor by immunohistochemistry (magnification: 20x).
Article Snippet: The
Techniques: Animal Model, Expressing, Isolation, Clone Assay, Immunohistochemistry
Journal: Oncotarget
Article Title: The importance of microenvironment: the role of CCL8 in metastasis formation of melanoma
doi:
Figure Lengend Snippet: Human dermal fibroblast cells were treated with HT199 melanoma and K562 leukemia cell-free supernatants (to simulate the effect of secreted tumoral factors) and pure, recombinant human CCL8. We used untreated cells and samples treated with 0.01M glucose solution as controls. CCL8 relative expression was measured by real time PCR. A. Increase in CCL8 expression was observed after melanoma and leukemia supernatant treatment. B. In contrast, pure CCL8 treatment terminated the continuous expression of CCL8.
Article Snippet: The
Techniques: Recombinant, Expressing, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction
Journal: Oncotarget
Article Title: The importance of microenvironment: the role of CCL8 in metastasis formation of melanoma
doi:
Figure Lengend Snippet: Human dermal fibroblasts were treated for 12 hours with human recombinant CCL8. MicroRNA quantitative profile was analyzed by nCounter miRNA Expression Assay Kit from NanoString. The changes were compared to miRNA levels measured in untreated control fibroblasts. MicroRNAs which showed fivefold or higher difference between the two groups were accepted, thus we created a CCL8 specific microRNA pattern. miR146a, which was localized in the middle range of our list, has already been described to participate in the regulation of CCL8, according to the literature .
Article Snippet: The
Techniques: Recombinant, Expressing, Control
Journal: Oncotarget
Article Title: The importance of microenvironment: the role of CCL8 in metastasis formation of melanoma
doi:
Figure Lengend Snippet: A. Soluble factors produced by tumor cells stimulate the CCL8 expression of dermal fibroblasts in the stroma. B. The increasing concentration of CCL8 and its chemoattractant ability results in an increased migration of tumor cells to the stroma. It also takes part in the selection of potentially CCL8 expressing tumor cells harboring metastatic potential. C. In this case the increasing CCL8 concentration can regulate its own expression in dermal fibroblasts. The change in miR146a expression (overexpressed in dermal fibroblasts in this case) serves as an appropriate marker for this process.
Article Snippet: The
Techniques: Produced, Expressing, Concentration Assay, Migration, Selection, Marker
Journal: Oncotarget
Article Title: The importance of microenvironment: the role of CCL8 in metastasis formation of melanoma
doi:
Figure Lengend Snippet: Primer sets used
Article Snippet: The
Techniques:
Journal: Diabetes
Article Title: Expression and Regulation of Chemokines in Murine and Human Type 1 Diabetes
doi: 10.2337/db11-0853
Figure Lengend Snippet: Chemokine transcripts induced in human islet cells in response to inflammatory stimuli (microarray analysis). Purified human islets obtained from healthy organ donors were cultured for 24 h in the absence (Control) or presence of individual recombinant human cytokines IL-1β, TNFα, or IFNγ or combinations thereof (MIX) prior to microarray analysis as described in . The normalized intensity (log scale) from data obtained on the HG U133 Plus 2.0 Affymetrix chip is shown. Each data point is the mean ± SE of three to four observations. Cytokine cocktail (MIX)-induced expression by a factor of >30 was observed for CCL5 , CCL8 , CCL22 , CX3CL1 , CXCL9 , and CXCL10 (asterisks indicate significant differences between control and cytokine-treated islets).
Article Snippet: For the purpose of the current study, we approved the utility of the following human chemokine–specific antibodies: goat polyclonals αCCL5 (AF278-NA),
Techniques: Microarray, Purification, Cell Culture, Control, Recombinant, Expressing
Journal: Diabetes
Article Title: Expression and Regulation of Chemokines in Murine and Human Type 1 Diabetes
doi: 10.2337/db11-0853
Figure Lengend Snippet: Chemokine expression in the RIP-GP model of virus-induced type 1 diabetes. RIP-GP mice were infected with LCMV, and their pancreata were harvested 7 days later and processed for immunohistological analysis as detailed in . Note the minimal or absent expression of CCL22 and CXCL9, the preferential expression of CCL8 and CXCL10 by β-cells, as well as CX3CL1 production by α-cells; the right-hand column features magnified sections of merged CCL8, CXCL10, and CX3CL1 stains. (A high-quality digital representation of this figure is available in the online issue.)
Article Snippet: For the purpose of the current study, we approved the utility of the following human chemokine–specific antibodies: goat polyclonals αCCL5 (AF278-NA),
Techniques: Expressing, Virus, Infection
Journal: Diabetes
Article Title: Expression and Regulation of Chemokines in Murine and Human Type 1 Diabetes
doi: 10.2337/db11-0853
Figure Lengend Snippet: Chemokine expression in type 1 diabetic (T1D) and healthy control (Control) pancreata. Pancreatic sections from healthy control subjects (case identification nos. 6117, 6112, and 6115) and type 1 diabetic donors (case identification nos. 6052 and 6087) were acquired through the nPOD program and stained for insulin, glucagon, and chemokines as detailed in . Note the presence of some CCL5, CCL8, and CXCL9 in diabetic donors but their absence in healthy control samples. Only very faint CX3CL1 staining was observed in one of the type 1 diabetic samples (identification no. 6087). Scale bar: 20 μm. (A high-quality digital representation of this figure is available in the online issue.)
Article Snippet: For the purpose of the current study, we approved the utility of the following human chemokine–specific antibodies: goat polyclonals αCCL5 (AF278-NA),
Techniques: Expressing, Control, Staining
Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Article Title: Possible Roles of CC- and CXC-Chemokines in Regulating Bovine Endometrial Function during Early Pregnancy
doi: 10.3390/ijms18040742
Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparison of mRNA levels for selected chemokines in the endometrium of pregnant vs. non-pregnant cows as determined by microarray analysis (Fold > 2.0; p < 0.05).
Article Snippet: Cultured endometrial tissues were further incubated in the medium with recombinant proteins as follows: bovine CCL2 (RP0027B, Kingfisher Biotech., Inc. St. Paul, MN, USA),
Techniques: Comparison, Microarray
Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Article Title: Possible Roles of CC- and CXC-Chemokines in Regulating Bovine Endometrial Function during Early Pregnancy
doi: 10.3390/ijms18040742
Figure Lengend Snippet: Changes in relative amounts of mRNA for ( a ) CCL2, ( b ) CCL8, ( c ) CCL11, ( d ) CCL14, ( e ) CCL16, and ( f ) CXCL10 in the endometrium at days 15 and 18 of non-pregnant cows (NP) and pregnant cows (P). Data are means ± SEM of four cows per stage and are expressed as relative ratios of the mRNAs to SUZ12 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit (SUZ12). p -Values show significant differences between NP and P.
Article Snippet: Cultured endometrial tissues were further incubated in the medium with recombinant proteins as follows: bovine CCL2 (RP0027B, Kingfisher Biotech., Inc. St. Paul, MN, USA),
Techniques:
Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Article Title: Possible Roles of CC- and CXC-Chemokines in Regulating Bovine Endometrial Function during Early Pregnancy
doi: 10.3390/ijms18040742
Figure Lengend Snippet: Localization of CCR1 (binds to CCL8, CCL14, and CCL16), CCR2 (binds to CCL2, CCL8, and CCL16), CCR3 (binds to CCL11), and CXCR3 (binds to CXCL10) in the bovine endometrium and fetal trophoblast obtained from cows in their 18th day of pregnancy. Intensive immunoreactivity was observed in endometrial epithelial cells, glandular epithelial cells, or fetal trophoblast. No positive immunoreactivity was observed in the negative control (Control). Scale bar = 50 µm.
Article Snippet: Cultured endometrial tissues were further incubated in the medium with recombinant proteins as follows: bovine CCL2 (RP0027B, Kingfisher Biotech., Inc. St. Paul, MN, USA),
Techniques: Negative Control, Control
Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Article Title: Possible Roles of CC- and CXC-Chemokines in Regulating Bovine Endometrial Function during Early Pregnancy
doi: 10.3390/ijms18040742
Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of the supernatant derived from homogenized fetal trophoblast (FMP; 200 ng/mL) and interferon-τ (IFNT; 100 ng/mL) on the mRNA expression of ( a ) CCL2, ( b ) CCL8, ( c ) CCL11, ( d ) CCL14, ( e ) CCL16, and ( f ) CXCL10 in cultured bovine endometrial tissues. Homogenization buffer was added at the control group. Data are means ± SEM of five cows and are expressed as relative ratios of the mRNAs to SUZ12. p -Values show significant differences between treated group and control group.
Article Snippet: Cultured endometrial tissues were further incubated in the medium with recombinant proteins as follows: bovine CCL2 (RP0027B, Kingfisher Biotech., Inc. St. Paul, MN, USA),
Techniques: Derivative Assay, Expressing, Cell Culture, Homogenization, Control
Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Article Title: Possible Roles of CC- and CXC-Chemokines in Regulating Bovine Endometrial Function during Early Pregnancy
doi: 10.3390/ijms18040742
Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of CCL2, CCL8, CCL11, CCL14, CCL16, and CXCL10 (50 ng/mL each) on the mRNA expression of ( a ) interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15), ( b ) myxovirus-resistance gene 1 (MX1), ( c ) cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), ( d ) oxytocin receptor (OTR), and ( e ) estrogen receptor α (ESR1) in cultured bovine endometrial tissues. Data are means ± SEM of five cows and are expressed as relative ratios of the mRNAs to SUZ12. p -Values show significant differences between treated group and control group.
Article Snippet: Cultured endometrial tissues were further incubated in the medium with recombinant proteins as follows: bovine CCL2 (RP0027B, Kingfisher Biotech., Inc. St. Paul, MN, USA),
Techniques: Expressing, Cell Culture, Control
Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Article Title: Possible Roles of CC- and CXC-Chemokines in Regulating Bovine Endometrial Function during Early Pregnancy
doi: 10.3390/ijms18040742
Figure Lengend Snippet: Primers used in real-time PCR.
Article Snippet: Cultured endometrial tissues were further incubated in the medium with recombinant proteins as follows: bovine CCL2 (RP0027B, Kingfisher Biotech., Inc. St. Paul, MN, USA),
Techniques: Sequencing
Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Article Title: Possible Roles of CC- and CXC-Chemokines in Regulating Bovine Endometrial Function during Early Pregnancy
doi: 10.3390/ijms18040742
Figure Lengend Snippet: Hypothetical model for inhibition of luteolysis by IFNT and chemokines. Although this model is not concerned with the effects of steroids or growth factors, IFNT, CCL2, CCL8, CCL16, CXCL10, and LIF may block TNF-stimulated-COX2 expression in bovine endometrial cells, leading to the reduction of TNF-induced PGF2α output from the cells. Furthermore, IFNT and CCL16 may stimulate anti-viral activity by up-regulating ISG15 and MX1 expression at the time of maternal recognition in cows. Red and blue arrows show stimulatory and inhibitory actions of each substance, respectively. IFNT may stimulate both CCL8 and CXCL10 production and inhibit CCL14 production from bovine endometrium. Effects of CCL11 on bovine endometrial function are still unclear, although its receptor (CCR3) is expressed in the endometrial epithelial cells.
Article Snippet: Cultured endometrial tissues were further incubated in the medium with recombinant proteins as follows: bovine CCL2 (RP0027B, Kingfisher Biotech., Inc. St. Paul, MN, USA),
Techniques: Inhibition, Blocking Assay, Expressing, Activity Assay
Journal: bioRxiv
Article Title: Immune disease dialogue of chemokine-based cell communications as revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing meta-analysis
doi: 10.1101/2024.07.17.603936
Figure Lengend Snippet: a) Pan CD8 T cells migrated towards CXCL2 (at all dilutions for donor 1, and at 1 ng/ml and 10 ng/ml for donor 2), b) pan monocytes did not migrate towards RARRES2, c) pan monocytes migrated towards CCL8 (at 0.1 ng/ml, 1 ng/ml and 100 ng/ml for donor 1, and at 0.1 ng/ml and 100 ng/ml for donor 2).* p < 0.05. ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.0001 compared to the medium control condition per donor.
Article Snippet: For the monocyte experiments, two positive controls were used; 5% (v/v) cobra venom activated human complement serum (CAS; Complement Technology Inc, cat. NC1769554), as well as
Techniques: Control